Explanation:
Erosion processes like hydraulic action, attrition, and abrasion are responsible for the breakdown and transportation of materials. Compression is not part of the erosion process; it refers to the squeezing or condensing of materials.
Extra knowledge:
Hydraulic action occurs when water exerts pressure on rock surfaces, causing material to be dislodged.

Explanation:
Igneous rocks form when magma or lava cools and solidifies. Sedimentary rocks form from the deposition of materials, and metamorphic rocks form under heat and pressure.
Extra knowledge:
The Earth’s crust is primarily made of igneous rocks, such as basalt and granite.

Explanation:
Glaciers carve U-shaped valleys as they move. These valleys are formed through erosion, and their distinctive shape is a result of ice movement.
Extra knowledge:
The fjords in Norway are famous examples of glacial valleys.

Explanation:
Deltas are formed by the deposition of sediments carried by rivers when they flow into a standing body of water like an ocean or lake.
Extra knowledge:
The Ganges Delta is one of the largest and most fertile deltas in the world, supporting millions of people.

Explanation:
Coastal cliffs are primarily shaped by the erosive action of sea waves over time. Wind and river erosion can also contribute, but waves are the primary agent.
Extra knowledge:
The White Cliffs of Dover in England are a well-known example of coastal cliffs formed by wave erosion.

Explanation:
Fault-block mountains are formed when large blocks of the Earth’s crust are uplifted or dropped along faults. These are common in areas of active tectonic movement.
Extra knowledge:
The Sierra Nevada mountains in the USA are an example of fault-block mountains.

Explanation:
River valleys are typically formed through the erosive actions of rivers over time, carving out deep channels in the Earth’s crust.
Extra knowledge:
The Grand Canyon is a well-known example of a river-carved valley.

Explanation:
Wind erosion occurs in arid regions, where strong winds blow away loose particles, leading to the formation of sand dunes and other features.
Extra knowledge:
The Sahara Desert is an example of a region where wind erosion plays a significant role in shaping the landscape.

Explanation:
Weathering is the breakdown of rocks into smaller particles through physical, chemical, or biological processes. Erosion, on the other hand, is the movement of these particles.
Extra knowledge:
The process of chemical weathering is responsible for the breakdown of minerals in rocks, such as the oxidation of iron.

Explanation:
Sand dunes are formed by the deposition of sand carried by the wind in desert regions. The wind lifts the sand and deposits it when the wind speed decreases.
Extra knowledge:
The largest sand dunes in the world are located in the Sahara Desert.

Explanation:
Faults are fractures in the Earth’s crust where movement has occurred due to tectonic forces. Faults are not only found in mountain ranges but can occur in any region with tectonic activity.
Extra knowledge:
The San Andreas Fault in California is a famous example of a fault.

Explanation:
Glaciers create U-shaped valleys due to their erosive actions. V-shaped valleys are typically formed by rivers through erosion.
Extra knowledge:
The Great Lakes in North America were shaped by glacial erosion.

Explanation:
Coastal erosion is caused by the constant movement of sea waves, which erode the coastline over time. It does not only affect low-lying areas but can impact any coastal region.
Extra knowledge:
Coastal erosion is a significant issue for many countries with long coastlines, like the USA and India.

Explanation:
Mountains are primarily formed by tectonic forces that cause the Earth’s crust to fold, fault, or uplift.
Extra knowledge:
The Himalayas were formed by the collision of the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate.

Explanation:
Volcanoes form due to the eruption of magma from beneath the Earth’s crust, not just at plate boundaries. Hotspot volcanoes, like those in Hawaii, are examples of volcanoes that occur away from plate boundaries.
Extra knowledge:
Volcanic eruptions release gases, ash, and lava, significantly affecting the surrounding environment.

Explanation:
Fault-block mountains are formed when large blocks of the Earth’s crust are uplifted or dropped due to tectonic movements along faults.
Extra knowledge:
The Sierra Nevada mountains in the United States are an example of fault-block mountains.

Explanation:
Rivers continuously carry sediments, but the volume and speed of sediment transport increase during floods when water flow is stronger.
Extra knowledge:
Sediments carried by rivers can form features like deltas, floodplains, and riverbanks.

Explanation:
Drumlins are formed by the deposition of material beneath moving glaciers. They are elongated, streamlined hills that indicate the direction of glacier movement.
Extra knowledge:
Drumlins are often found in clusters and are typically formed in regions that were once covered by ice sheets.

Explanation:
A crater is formed by volcanic activity when magma erupts and leaves a depression in the Earth’s surface. Over time, it may fill with water to form a crater lake.
Extra knowledge:
Mount St. Helens in the USA and Mount Fuji in Japan are famous volcanic craters.

Explanation:
The lithosphere consists of the Earth’s outer solid layer, including the crust and the rigid part of the mantle, made of solid rock and minerals.
Extra knowledge:
The lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that move and interact with each other, leading to geological events like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

Explanation:
Igneous rocks form when magma (beneath the Earth’s surface) or lava (on the surface) cools and solidifies.
Extra knowledge:
Granite and basalt are common examples of igneous rocks.

Explanation:
A delta is a landform created by deposition of sediments at the mouth of a river, where the river meets a standing body of water.
Extra knowledge:
The Nile Delta in Egypt and the Ganges Delta in India are examples of large deltas formed by river deposition.

Explanation:
Sand dunes are primarily formed by the action of wind, which transports sand and deposits it in areas where the wind speed decreases.
Extra knowledge:
The Sahara Desert has some of the largest and most famous sand dunes in the world.

Explanation:
Crater formations occur when volcanic eruptions create depressions in the Earth’s surface. Over time, these craters can fill with water to form lakes.
Extra knowledge:
The caldera of Mount St. Helens in the USA is a famous example of a volcanic crater.

Explanation:
Faulting occurs due to tectonic forces causing movement along cracks in the Earth’s crust. Faults can occur in any area, not just mountainous regions.
Extra knowledge:
The San Andreas Fault in California is one of the most famous faults, located in a region far from mountains.